The Role of Family in Substance Use Disorder and Treatment

Part of family in substance use disorders: Can they contribute constructively?

Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-addiction and Treatment Centre, Postgraduate Constitute of Medical Education and Inquiry, Chandigarh, India

Date of Web Publication

22-December-2015

Correspondence Accost:
Abhishek Ghosh
Department of Psychiatry, Drug De-habit and Treatment Centre, Postgraduate Found of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

How to cite this article:
Ghosh A. Function of family in substance use disorders: Tin they contribute constructively?. Med J DY Patil Univ 2016;nine:15-six

Family is the subunit of the larger, encompassing society. Family unit members not merely transmit the biological traits just likewise shape upwardly the social-moral-attitudinal characteristics of an individual. Understandably, the influence of family on the individual is inevitable and undeniable. Despite dissents, it would non be imprudent to consider addictive disorders, like any other psychiatric disorders every bit not purely medical in nature. Disallowment the genetic contribution which an individual acquire by default and is unmodifiable, amongst the multitude of other gamble factors for substance use disorders, the family unit is posited to be a pregnant ane. Studies amongst the children of alcoholics (COA) accept demonstrated both booze specific influences which selectively predict hereafter booze problem and nonspecific factors which are predictive of various mental health problems including alcoholism. ^[ane] Modeling of drinking beliefs and positive expectancies from alcohol utilize predispose COA for alcoholism. Whereas, parental psychopathology and cerebral damage, exposure to aggression/violence, depression cohesion, high conflict in the family, and poor problem solving skills which are among the nonspecific factors, predict emotional or behavioral dysregulation in COA, and in turn predispose for alcohol apply disorders. In addition to its role in the development of substance apply disorders, the contribution of family unit in maintaining the problem is likewise well-known. ^{[two],[three]} In add-on to this family-related predisposing and maintaining factors, the effect of substance employ on the family unit members has been alluded to in the review published in this issue of the Journal. ^[4]

Although the literature is replete with evidence of addictogenic family unit surround, the family unit tin also provide resilience or protection against substance use disorders. While risk factors identify the COA greater than average risk for substance utilize, protective factors buffer the initiation and continuation of substance apply. Positive bonding among family members and positive parenting with an optimal level of command and warmth are found to be protective. ^[five] These positive attributes have been the focus of intervention in various preventive programs directed toward family members. Creating lasting connections, one of such prevention program designed to piece of work with both family system and the community and aimed at identifying high-risk youth and increasing family resilience observed to exist effective in reducing alcohol and drug apply, delaying the initiation, and increased advice and bonding betwixt the parents. ^[6] Another such program, family unit advocacy network society designed to strengthen the bail between parents and the kid, reducing maternal isolation, providing opportunities for families for participating in fun activities together, and helping parents to influence their children in a drug gratuitous life, was institute out to ameliorate the power among the youth to reject alcohol and drugs, and increment the knowledge about wellness consequences of substance use. ^[vii] However, it is needless to say that an isolated focus on the family disallowment the school, peer group, and the community would not exist able to produce the desired optimal result as it is the complex coaction between the individual and the context in which the individual lives determines the final substance utilise behavior. ^[eight]

In addition to the prevention of substance use, the family might play a key role in the bodily treatment process. Although the authors in their review take selectively focused on the role of the family in bringing a "unwilling" individual in treatment net, family unit could besides be an integral part throughout the entire grade of the handling of substance use disorders. Family systems therapy which has its focus on dysfunctional interaction design among the family members and is aimed kickoff to plant a family brotherhood and then to restructure the existing pattern to accomplish the objective of reducing substance use behavior. Family systems therapy has been found to exist constructive in adolescent substance employ. ^[ix] Still, the strongest evidence for handling involving family members comes from behavioral couples therapy (BCT) which targets both forbearance of the substance using partner and improvement in the interpersonal relationship and advice design between the couples. BCT produces more than abstinence, improves treatment compliance, improves relationship; reduce the divorce rate, and domestic violence. In improver, BCT is found to be effective in improving relation of couples with children and functioning of children in the twelvemonth later parent'due south treatment. ^[10] Some other specific form of therapy involving family (or friends) from the very outset and at regular interval during the treatment to support patient'southward recovery by ensuring sobriety, treatment compliance, and improving integrity of social network is known equally network therapy. Although preliminary information advise efficacy, network therapy has non investigated as extensively as the other forms of therapy mentioned earlier. ^[11]

Finally, the time has come to think beyond the mere psychosocial influence of the family. Integrative research strongly suggests that babyhood abuse and neglect resulting into maladaptive jail cell assemblies and synaptic connections in the limbic region of the brain during the early developmental phases might and this could affect the time to come manifestation of negative emotions, conflictual attachment, and maladaptive behavior. ^[12] Future research could endeavor to explore the possibility of reversing the brain changes following enhancing family resilience. From the trap of an addictogenic family to a steady, unfaltering and thorough transition toward a healthy family unit is what that nosotros must be striving for.

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